A R C H E I O N is an original title of an academic journal issued by the sub-department of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport of Ajara Autonomous Republic Archives Administration (P-ISSN 2233-3541; E-ISSN 3088-4284; DOI: 10.52340/PUTK.2233-3541). It is peer-reviewed by at least two anonymous referees. Article submission period: January 15 - September 15 (annually). Publisher: Publishing House Universali. Tbilisi, Georgia, 0186, a. politkovskaias #4. Phone: 5(99) 33 52 02, 5(99) 17 22 30; E-mail: universal505@ymail.com; gamomcemlobauniversali@gmail.com Established: 2010 Article Processing Charges (APC): No APC. Advertising Policy: Archeion is an ad-free publication. We do not host or display commercial advertisements on our website or within our published materials to ensure an uncompromised focus on scholarly content. Copyright and Licensing Policy: the articles published in Archeion are available under a Creative Commons licence Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0)
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Documents preserved in the State Archives of Armenia Regarding the Georgia-Armenia border dispute
From June 21 to September 15, 2021, within the framework of the grant project of the European Union Framework Program "Horizon 2020", Professor Tamaz Putkaradze was in the capital of Armenia, which gave him the opportunity to get acquainted with Russian-language documentary materials about Georgia stored in archives and libraries. We believe that some of the documents are new to Georgian scientific circles, especially those materials related to the border disputes between these two neighboring republics in 1918-1920. We published these documents in issue 22 of the journal "Archeion", but it was published in a small circulation, while the interest and demand were quite high. Therefore, we considered it appropriate to republish these documents. Chronologically, it covers the period from December 1920 to January 1921. We offer the reader the aforementioned documents.
Copyright (c) 2022 Authors retain all rights. The Journal has only the right of the first publication. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Publication of documents preserved in the funds of the Adjara Archival Department. This time, we offer the reader a part of the materials preserved in the case # 29 unit of the fund R-178, which reflects the data of the modern Shuakhevi municipality for 1923: lists of household composition by name - with an indication of the head of the family, sexual structure, acreage, and number of livestock (cattle, sheep, horses)
T. Parmaksizishvili's relationship with the Archive Department dates back ten years. All employees of the Archive remember T. Parmaksizishvili as an extremely conscientious, honest, humble archivist, a man of word and deed, a loyal friend and mentor. In our institution, he became a symbol of kindness and love. He was missed by his family, our city, and the Archive Department. May his memory be eternal.
Batumi St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral according to the documents kept in the Archives Administration
Nine cases are kept in the fund of the Construction Committee of the Batumi Orthodox Church preserved in the fund of the Ajara Archives Administration. It contains documents compiled during the construction of the St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Batumi. It is difficult to read very interesting Russian-language manuscripts from 1887- 1901, which present in detail the issues related to the construction process.
St. Michael the Archangel Church in Batumi (1884-1914) according to the materials preserved in the Adjara Archive Division
Among the interesting documents kept in the fund of the Ajara Archives Administration, the fund of the Church of St. Michael the Archangel in Batumi is of special value. It holds twenty-one units of cases. The chronological framework of the documents covers the years 1884 _ 1914. The fund preserves annual registration books, letters, references, telegrams, accounting books, reports, inventory magazines, for renovation of the old church building at the intersection of Maria and Mikhailov (M. Abashidze and Z. Gamsakhurdia) streets in Batumi, Aziziye Square.
Handcrafted Master Creator of the Museum "Borjghalo"
There are many museums in Georgia, local history, ethnographic, archeological, etc. But there are not many private museums. Among them, the Museum of the Life and Culture of the Population of Southwestern Georgia (Ethnographic) is located a few kilometers from the center of Batumi, on the right side of the central highway leading to Khelvachauri, at 14 Sharashidze Street, spread over an area of ​​three thousand square meters. The inspiration, creator and founder of this museum is Kemal Turmanidze, a self-taught artist, woodcarver, nationally recognized personality, excellent person and best, loyal friend, born in one of the beautiful villages of Keda Municipality, who, along with childhood memories, has brought together the history of his native country and one of its corners - southwestern Georgia - in one museum.
The Issue of Women in the Prism of Soviet Anti-religious Policy
Soviet religious policy from the very beginning was characterized by heterogeneity, bias, and one-sidedness from the very beginning, with communism and atheism considered as the mainstays of ideology. The Bolsheviks seemed to preach the inviolability of the religious feelings of the believers, but in fact fought with fire and sword against any manifestation of religiosity. The Soviet government encouraged controversy among believers. A clear confirmation of this was the so-called The chador taking campaign, which has been met with serious controversy in the region. Examining the problems related to the wearing of the chador, presenting the issue of women in the context of anti-religious policies, is the main task of our research. The methodological basis of the research is the universal scientific principles of objectivity, comprehensiveness and systematics, historical-comparative and historicaltypological methods. According to the factual materials presented in the article, the analysis of the documents kept in the Adjara Archive Division clearly shows the Soviet policy of neglecting and insulting the religious feelings of the believers, which led to large-scale anti-Soviet protests in mountainous Adjara in 1929.
The theme presents the very multifaceted and at the same time full of contradictory works of the brilliant representatives of the German Renaissance, Albrecht Dürer and Lucas Kranach. Establishing humanistic ideals, anthropocentrism, discovering the realities of the world, being interested in religious problems _ these are the main tasks that these artists addressed in their work.
From the History of the Chakvi County (According to the documentary sources kept in the State Archive of Ajara)
The Chakvi county was established in 1894. The archival materials address important issues such as: Orders to expansion of land for tea plantations, characteristics of tea plots in 1894-1913, information about activities of consumer society, memoirs of Lau Jen Zhao, Agricultural exhibition materials in rural areas in Paris and North America, Correspondences with Chinese and Japanese specialists, etc.
The Issue of Border Disputes in a Crooked Mirror. Armenian-Georgian War (December, 1918)
After the bourgeois-democratic revolution of February 1917, the Russian Empire disintegrated. The three republics of the Caucasus were united into a single Transcaucasian Federal-Democratic Republic. But its existence was short-lived. Soon the Federal Republic disintegrated and on its ruins, three states emerged almost simultaneously. The need for demarcation of borders arose with the emergence of independent states, but the Dashnak authorities' baseless territorial claims and attempts to forcibly annex Georgian lands led to a conflict known in history as the Armenian-Georgian War.The aim of this paper is to present the groundlessness of the territorial claims of the Armenian authorities on the basis of historical sources, scientific and literary data, the tendentious nature of the works of Armenian authors published on this topic and an attempt to present history through a prism.
Sub-Department of Ministry of Education and Sport of Ajara Autonomous Republic – Archives Administration /Digest of events
This section presents photo materials and digests of events organized by the sub-department of ministry of education and sport of Ajara Autonomous Republic – Archives Administration
Copyright (c) 2023 Authors retain all rights. The Journal has only the right of the first publication. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The paper presents a part of the materials preserved in the case unit # 29 of the fund R-178, which reflects the data of the modern Khulo municipality for 1923: nominal lists of household composition - indicating the head of the family, gender structure, cultivated areas, number of livestock (cattle, sheep, horses). We hope that the reader will be understanding of the errors and possible inaccuracies made when printing documents from the original. Reading a number of words, names or surnames in the document is associated with some difficulty. Many words, names or surnames are written indistinctly, and in pencil, which makes it difficult to read the document correctly. It seems that some anthroponyms were written incorrectly by the writer himself. Our goal at this time is not to analyze the presented archival document. We think that the reader will do this himself. We will only add that the document is of great interest not only to specialists, but also to all people interested in the above-mentioned issues.
This extract contains photographs taken in the 1920s, as well as identity documents and records of residents of the Kobuleti region. All the documents are preserved in the Archive Department of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara
This extract presents a list of Kobuleti monuments preserved in the Adjara Archival Department.
Elguja Chaganava was a highly qualified archivist endowed with the best human qualities. He devoted his entire conscious life to archival work. His contribution to the professional training of young archivists is immeasurable. The bright and talented young man was the center of E. Chaganava's attention from the moment he started working in the archive. Bright examples of E. Chaganava's considerate and caring attitude towards young archivists are well known to Batumi archivists. A worthy archivist, friend and colleague has left us. He has left and taken with him his plans for the development of the archival field, he has left behind a great pain. Batumi archivists will always remember his name.
The Grace of Kindness (Eter Kalandarishvili Goliadze, Ioseb Kakhidze, Ilia Tsivadze)
There are people, there is good and evil. Evil has multiplied so much that sometimes you think that only envy, treachery, cruelty, and intolerance rule the world! However, the world is ruled by a silent, often unnoticed and forgotten by many goodness. There are seeds of good and evil in every person, the main thing is what you allow to awaken. It is happiness to be wise, but it is even more happiness to be kind. Perhaps the meaning of life is to do good, such good that is not counted, such good for which no one asks for a return! Maybe goodness is a philosophical category that beautifies the world! Maybe goodness is also a sweet duty that you should make a way of life for yourself! Maybe kindness is a language that the deaf can hear, an eye that can make the blind see? No one considers themselves evil. There are many people who try to portray themselves as good, but fortunately for us, there are people for whom doing good is an inner need. Doing good also requires wisdom. Good is not only the one who does good, but also the one who is incapable of doing evil.
The article deals with one stage of the Georgian writer's life, the interesting story that developed between Kldiashvili, a fan of his own novels, and General Lyakhov, who was observing him; Lyakhov did not like the Georgian writer and had his unit inspected, but could not find any fault with him. For an unspecified reason, later, two soldiers subordinate to the general followed him under a tree while working with an engineer, and this was used as a reason and they were sent to Tbilisi. Naturally, this was only a reason, the main thing was Kldiashvili's attitude and mood towards the local Laz population, Kldiashvili's patriotic approaches, and closeness, which never fit into the policy of any conqueror and will never fit into it.
Parallels of Wolf cult in Indo-European, Turkish and Kartvelian Civilizations
The article submitted for consideration is dedicated to the problem of Wolf cult in Indo- European and Kartvelian civilizations. It is well known that there are a lot of different examples which confirmed the existance of parallels of Wolf cult in Kartvelian and Indo-European civilizations and there are suggested some new examples. Beside of it in the article is proposed the hypothesis that in compliance with the ancient tradition it is possible to prove that some Kartvelian termins of the kinship are connected with Wolf cult.In the article also is suggested Kartvelian and Turkish parallels about Gray Wolf. Great attention is devoted to hypothesis about the parallels between hypothetically restored Kartvelian name of a wolf “TUR” and the self – designation of Turks “TYRK”.
Georgia-NATO relations and the United States of America
The collapse of the international system of socialism and the emergence of new sovereign states in the post-Soviet space led to the correction of the political map of the world, the emergence of new states and global geostrategic changes, which ushered in a new era of international relations. New centers of power emerged, between which the struggle for spheres of influence intensified international contradictions. The South Caucasus, in a broader sense, the Black Sea-Caspian region, has become one of the most attractive spaces of global and regional superpower rivalry in the post-Cold War era, which reached its highest level of confrontation during the aforementioned events. 1. NATO became active in the region and intensively started military sailing, joint exercises and "flag show visits" in the Black Sea. 2. The European Union and NATO expanded in the direction of Bulgaria-Romania (2007), and the three states of the region - Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova - made a firm promise at the 2008 summit in Bucharest that they would one day become members of the alliance. These and other events made the Black Sea and the South Caucasus with it one of the key issues of global politics
For the History of the Longboat Sailing on the River Chorokhi
The long boat was found in the Chorokhi River, near the village of Maradidi. As the investments show, the use of such barcas is related to development. It is an identical construction of the "Chorokhuli boat". It was made of iron. This type of ship can be called a "rumored longboat". Place of construction – Batumi.
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors Retain All Rights. The Journal Has the Right of the First Publication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
In Memory of the Archivist Eter Nateladze
Adjara Archival Department have lost a leading worker in the field - Eter Nateladze - a senior specialist of the second category of the Department of Protection, Information and Use of the National Archival Fund of the Archival Department. Her name is forever engraved in the history of the Adjara Archival Department. Eteri Nateladze has become a symbol of the entire archive thanks to her responsibility, versatile talent, high professionalism and the new and unique atmosphere she brought to the Archival Department. The working environment and atmosphere of cooperation she originally created will occupy a special place in the hearts of several generations of representatives of the Archival Department.
"On the instructions of the censorship authorities, we ask you to do everything possible to remove all printed works and portraits of L. P. Beria from the library and other book collections!" How many times have we heard and read that the images of Beria (then Stalin, before that Trotsky and thousands of others) have been cut out, torn out, and uprooted from documents? We all know this, but when you come across the original source, the source from which these "torn out" instructions came, it still makes you shudder. Beria turned the earth, at least one sixth of it, at his own will, with a split second of his eyebrow... Suddenly, it turned out that a few instructions, a scrap of paper, were enough to even mention it and uproot it from his folios.
Central State Archives of Adjara Archival Department,Fund R-178, Case N 29Data from the 1923 Agricultural Census of Keda Municipality
We continue the publication of documents preserved in the funds of the Adjara Archival Department. This time, we offer the reader a part of the materials preserved in the file unit No. 29 of the fund R-178, which reflects the data of the 1923 agricultural census of the modern Keda municipality: lists of household composition - indicating the head of the family, gender structure, sown areas, number of livestock (cattle, sheep, horses).
Archival Sources: Armenian Archival Sources, F. 69
We offer our readers documentary materials preserved in the National Archives of Armenia, namely in the Tbilisi Court Chamber Fund, which are related to Georgians in various aspects. These documents were translated, studied and brought by Professor Tamaz Putkaradze in September 2021. This issue presents a brief summary of these documents.
The present archival materials include articles from Iveria published in 1886 about Batumi, port news, Muslim Georgians, and Adjara villages.
Famous Georgian scientist, Major General, general designer of the first Georgian space object (according to documents preserved in the private fund (F.N R-723))
In 2017, the Ajara Archival Department faced an important fact. The personal fund of the world-renowned Georgian scientist, the general designer of the Georgian space object "Reflector", Major General Elguja Medzmariashvili, was transferred to the Central Archive of Ajara and joined the National Archival Fund. These are just brief regalia. In addition, Elguja Medzmariashvili is a corresponding member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Military Sciences, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. A fund No. R-723 was opened in the Ajara Archival Department: "Famous Georgian Scientist, Major General. General Designer of the First Georgian Space Object".
Scientific paper refers to the German colonists, who settled in the outside Kakheti, near the village of ‘’Sartichala’’, in the first half of the 19th century. Their settlement was facilitated by the Russian Empire, and the government fully reimbursed the costs of the settlement. On the one hand, "Tsarism" stated, that the settlement of German colonists would help to repopulate the settlements that had been devastated by the enemy for many centuries and turn into them oasis, and on the other hand, their real goal was to create a base in the South Caucasus, because as a result of numerous Georgian uprisings, "Tsarism" realized , that the population of Georgia would not easily adapt to the abolition of statehood and would continue to fight against the invaders. G. Manjgaladze in his science paper "German colonists in Transcaucasia" has a report, according to which since 1810 the Russian Empire stopped funding Germans who wanted to settle to the territory of Russia and they could settle only at their own expense. This restriction did not extensive to the South Caucasus, and in this area the Russian Empire still settled colonists at its own expense, which makes obviously that Russia attached special importance to the colonization of foreigners. Despite the colonial goals of Russia, the life of the Germans in Georgia had a very positive impact on the country, because the Germans brought and introduced many foreign cultures to Georgia, such as potatoes. beautiful architectural monuments, which is created by the Germans, are still preserved in Georgia.
Georgian-Czech Scientific-cultural Relations, Trends and Perspectives of Academic Knowledge Exchange
In modern conditions, the drive of national politics, economy, and education towards globalization has gained special relevance. Accordingly, the degree of interdependence of states increases, unified scientific and cultural centers, global markets are created, interest in the scientific study of these processes increases. The article presents Czech-Georgian scientific-cultural relations, trends and perspectives of academic knowledge exchange.
Batumi Animal Protection Society in 1897-1910 According to the Documents Preserved in the Ajara Archives Administration)
The problem of protection of domestic and wild inhabitants is an urgent issue of all times. This problem was relevant in the past as well, which is confirmed by the documentary materials kept in the archive department. Jaime Shmaevski's typography has printed a brochure, which refers to the 10th anniversary of the Batumi branch of the Tbilisi Animal Protection Society. The brochure was prepared by the head of the department E. V. Turkin and it tells in detail what work the mentioned society has done since its establishment until 1908. The article is about these issues.